What brought you here today?

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Three doors into Ontario energy

Whatever you need, it lives in one of these three hubs. Pick whichever matches your situation.

A hybrid market, not a monopoly and not a free-for-all

Ontario sits between Alberta's open market and Quebec's Crown monopoly. Flip the toggle to see exactly where it lands.

Hybrid · regulated default + opt-in retail
Restructured 1998 · wholesale market 2002

A regulated default. An optional alternative.

In Ontario the IESO runs a competitive wholesale electricity market behind the scenes. The OEB sets the Regulated Price Plan that most households pay. On top of that, OEB-licensed retailers can offer fixed-rate contracts — but more than 90% of Ontario homes stay on the RPP. The wires and pipes are always regulated and belong to your local distribution company.

Wholesale
Competitive (IESO)

Hourly auction sets the price generators receive. Invisible to your bill.

Retail default
Regulated (OEB · RPP)

TOU, Tiered or Ultra-Low Overnight. 90%+ of households are here.

Retail option
Competitive (retailers)

Fixed-rate contracts from OEB-licensed retailers. Opt-in only.

Ontario vs the rest of Canada

Two extremes flanking Ontario's middle path.

Alberta
Fully deregulated retail

You pick a retailer for the commodity half. 60+ compete on rate and term.

BC · QC · MB · SK · NL
Crown corporation monopoly

One utility, one regulated rate. No retailer to choose, no contracts to sign.

How Ontario got here

Two-and-a-half decades of restructuring, told in 6 milestones. Why Ontario chose a middle path.

1998
Energy Competition Act

Bill 35 unbundles Ontario Hydro into five successor companies (OPG, Hydro One, IESO, OEFC, ESA) and sets the legal frame for a competitive market.

2002
Wholesale market opens

The IMO (now IESO) launches the wholesale electricity market. Prices spike that summer and consumer outrage forces a course correction.

2004
Retail price freeze

A 4.3¢/kWh consumer price freeze stabilises bills while regulators design a longer-term default.

2005
Regulated Price Plan

The OEB launches the RPP — Time-of-Use is rolled out alongside the Tiered option. The default rate becomes part of the law of the land.

2017
Ontario Electricity Rebate

The OER replaces earlier subsidies, taking about 19% off the pre-tax bill for residential and small-business customers — automatic, no application.

2023
Ultra-Low Overnight

After a successful pilot, ULO becomes a standard RPP option. EV owners and shift workers can shift consumption to a 2.4¢/kWh overnight window.

The short version

Ontario tried to build a fully competitive electricity market in 2002, the rollout went badly, and the system was rebuilt as a hybrid: a competitive wholesale layer behind the scenes, an OEB-set regulated default rate at the front (the RPP), and an opt-in retail layer on top. The Ontario Electricity Rebate added in 2017 quietly absorbs about a quarter of the headline bill.

The 60-second mental model

Ontario's market has three players. Get this and the whole system clicks.

Step 1 · LDC
Owns the wires

Your local distribution company (Hydro One, Toronto Hydro, Alectra and 55+ others) owns the poles, wires and meter at your address. Fixed by where you live. OEB-regulated tariff. They are who you call for outages.

Step 2 · Price plan
Sets the rate

By default you pay the OEB Regulated Price Plan — TOU, Tiered or Ultra-Low Overnight. You can opt in to a fixed-rate contract from an OEB-licensed retailer instead. The rate plan lives on your bill, not on the wires.

Step 3 · Referees
IESO + OEB

The IESO runs the wholesale market that decides who generates each megawatt. The OEB sets distribution tariffs, approves the RPP, and licenses retailers. They are the referees between you, the generators, and the wire owners.

So what does this actually mean for you?

Six concrete things that change because you are an Ontario energy consumer.

You default to the RPP

Unless you opt in to a retailer contract, you pay the OEB-set Regulated Price Plan. Most Ontarians stay there. Move-ins start there automatically.

You can pick between 3 RPP plans

Time-of-Use, Tiered or Ultra-Low Overnight. Switching is free, takes one billing cycle and is done with one call to your utility.

You never pick your distributor

The LDC is fixed by your address. Hydro One in rural areas, Toronto Hydro in the 416, Alectra in the GTA fringe and so on. They own the wires, not you.

A retailer contract is optional

Licensed retailers can offer fixed-rate contracts. Most Ontarians decline. Watch verification calls and the 10-day cooling-off window.

Winter disconnects are banned

November 15 to April 30, residential customers cannot be cut off for non-payment of electricity. The LDC must offer a payment plan first.

Bill help is built in

The OER takes about 19% off your pre-tax electricity bill automatically. OESP and LEAP help income-eligible households. No retailer required.

Or jump straight to what you came for

The six tasks Ontarians search for most. Each one takes you to the page that answers it.

Frequently asked questions

Ontario sits in between. Alberta is fully deregulated — you choose your retailer for both the commodity and who bills you. Quebec is a Crown monopoly — Hydro-Québec does everything at one regulated rate. Ontario has a competitive wholesale market run by the IESO, a regulated default rate set by the OEB (the Regulated Price Plan), and an opt-in layer of licensed retailers who sell fixed-rate contracts. More than 90% of households stay on the regulated default.
The Regulated Price Plan (RPP) is the OEB-set default rate for households and small businesses. It has three forms: Time-of-Use (TOU) with three price periods per day, Tiered with a flat low rate up to a monthly threshold then a higher rate above it, and Ultra-Low Overnight (ULO) with a very low rate from 11 pm to 7 am. You can switch between the three by calling your utility — no fee, takes one billing cycle.
Your LDC (Hydro One, Toronto Hydro, Alectra, Hydro Ottawa, Elexicon and ~55 others) owns the poles, wires and meter at your address. It is fixed by where you live and the OEB sets its delivery tariff. A retailer (Bullfrog Power, Just Energy, Planet Energy, Wyse Meter and others) is an OEB-licensed company that can offer you a fixed-rate energy contract as an alternative to the RPP. You always have an LDC; a retailer is optional.
Sometimes, rarely. The RPP is already cushioned by the Ontario Electricity Rebate (about 19% off the pre-tax total). For a fixed-rate retailer offer to beat it, the locked-in price has to undercut the RPP by enough to absorb the OER you would have received. The OEB tracks consumer complaints about retailer high-pressure sales — read the contract and use the 10-day cooling-off if you sign and change your mind.
Always your local distribution company, never a retailer. The LDC owns the wires and dispatches the trucks. Retailers have no field crew. Save your LDC outage line on your phone before you need it — it is on every utility bill.
No. Ontario has a province-wide winter disconnection ban from November 15 to April 30. Your LDC cannot disconnect a residential customer for non-payment of an electricity bill during that window. After April 30 the ban lifts; before disconnecting they must offer a payment plan and notify you in writing.
Ready when you are

Start with the right guide

The full Ontario guide library covers the Regulated Price Plan, the Global Adjustment, every bill line, and the rights you have under OEB rules. Built to be read in 10 minutes per page.